Urdu Poetry-Zaroori Baatein
Ghazal
Kya Hai ?
Ek
hi behr (wazn) ke hisab se likhe gaye shero ka samooh hai, ismein kum se kum 5
aur zyada se zyada 25 ashaar (sher ka plural) ho sakte hain, waise mashhoor
shayaro ne 7 se 13 shero mein bhi ghazal padhi hai. Ghazal ke pahle sher ko
matla kahte hain aur aakhri ko makta, aksar makte mein shayar apna takhallus
istemaal karte hain, isko signature sher bhi kaha ja sakta hai.
Iske alawa har ghazal ke pahle sher ki dono lino mein ek hi radeef aur ek hi qafiya zaroori hai (har sher ki pahli line ko misra-e-oola aur doosri line ko misra-e-sani kahenge)... lihaza pahle sher mein misra-e-oola aur misra-e-sani mein ek hi radeef aur ek hi qafiya mein hona zaroori hai...
Ab is Iqbal ke matle se main aapko Radeef aur Qafiya batane ki koshish karta hoon
Khird ke paas Khabar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
teraa ilaaj nazar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
Is sher mein jo laal rang mein likha hua hai wo poora hi Radeef (matlab ke siwaa kuch aur nahii.n) hai aur jo hare rang mein hai wo Qafiya (matlab R) hai....
Note: Aisa zaroori nahi hai ke poori Ghazal ek hi topic pe ho, matlab ek hi Ghazal mein aap ek sher mohabbat, ek siyasat, ek duniya ... ka kah sakte hain aur agar aap chahein to ek hi topic par poori ghazal kah sakte hain, koi pabandi nahi hai
Iske alawa har ghazal ke pahle sher ki dono lino mein ek hi radeef aur ek hi qafiya zaroori hai (har sher ki pahli line ko misra-e-oola aur doosri line ko misra-e-sani kahenge)... lihaza pahle sher mein misra-e-oola aur misra-e-sani mein ek hi radeef aur ek hi qafiya mein hona zaroori hai...
Ab is Iqbal ke matle se main aapko Radeef aur Qafiya batane ki koshish karta hoon
Khird ke paas Khabar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
teraa ilaaj nazar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
Is sher mein jo laal rang mein likha hua hai wo poora hi Radeef (matlab ke siwaa kuch aur nahii.n) hai aur jo hare rang mein hai wo Qafiya (matlab R) hai....
Note: Aisa zaroori nahi hai ke poori Ghazal ek hi topic pe ho, matlab ek hi Ghazal mein aap ek sher mohabbat, ek siyasat, ek duniya ... ka kah sakte hain aur agar aap chahein to ek hi topic par poori ghazal kah sakte hain, koi pabandi nahi hai
Poori
Ghazal dekhiye..
Khird
ke paas Khabar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
teraa ilaaj nazar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
har muqaam se aage muqaam hai teraa
hayaat zauq-e-safar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
rango.n me.n gardish-e-Khuu.N hai agar to kyaa haasil
hayaat soz-e-jigar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
uruus-e-laalaa munaasib nahii.n hai mujhase hijaab
ki mai.n nasiim-e-sahar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
jise qasaad samajhate hai.n taajaran-e-firang
wo shay mataa-e-hunar ke siwaa kcuhh aur nahii.n
giraa.N_bahaa hai to hifz-e-Khudii se hai warnaa
gauhar me.n aab-e-gauhar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
(Mohammad Iqbal)
ismein aap payenge ke har dafe Qafiya ek hai.... Khabar, Nazar, Safar, Jigar, Sahar, Hunar, Gauhar.....ismein aakhri alfaz ki ehmiyat hai....urdu mein ise hum RE padhte hain aur hindi mein RA ....yehi Qafiya hai....
aur ab Radeef dekhiye.... pahle sher ki dono lino mein ek hi Radeef (ke siwaa kuch aur nahii.n) aur baaki shero ke aakhri line mein ek hi Radeef milegi.......
teraa ilaaj nazar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
har muqaam se aage muqaam hai teraa
hayaat zauq-e-safar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
rango.n me.n gardish-e-Khuu.N hai agar to kyaa haasil
hayaat soz-e-jigar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
uruus-e-laalaa munaasib nahii.n hai mujhase hijaab
ki mai.n nasiim-e-sahar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
jise qasaad samajhate hai.n taajaran-e-firang
wo shay mataa-e-hunar ke siwaa kcuhh aur nahii.n
giraa.N_bahaa hai to hifz-e-Khudii se hai warnaa
gauhar me.n aab-e-gauhar ke siwaa kuchh aur nahii.n
(Mohammad Iqbal)
ismein aap payenge ke har dafe Qafiya ek hai.... Khabar, Nazar, Safar, Jigar, Sahar, Hunar, Gauhar.....ismein aakhri alfaz ki ehmiyat hai....urdu mein ise hum RE padhte hain aur hindi mein RA ....yehi Qafiya hai....
aur ab Radeef dekhiye.... pahle sher ki dono lino mein ek hi Radeef (ke siwaa kuch aur nahii.n) aur baaki shero ke aakhri line mein ek hi Radeef milegi.......
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Behr
kya hai ?
Behr
asal mein meter hai, har sher ek hi behr mein hona zaroori hai warna sher ko
durust nahi mana ja sakta...yun to kul behr 19 hain lekin mera khud ka manna hai
ke iske takneeki paksh par baad mein jaya jaye pahle thodi jankari aise hi
baanti jaye.
Asal mein behr aawaz hai harfo (shabdo) ki ... jaise aap magar padhte hain...to ismein gaur kariye ke aap m-gar padhte hain, ma pe zor kum hai aur gar pe zyada...ab iska matlab ye hua ke aap jo sher padh rahe hain unmein har line ki aawaz ek hi lay mein nikle..... agar aisa na hoga to sher ki sundarta nahi dikh payegi....
Aaj kal log behr ko naapne ke liye ek tareeka istemaal karte hain, unhone lafzo ki aawaz ko do tarah se baanta hai....jo halke aawaz karta hai usko wo 1 kahte hain jo zyada ya kisi ke saath bandha hota hai usko 2 kahte hain....aur isi lihaz se wo saare numbers ko dekhte hain aur ek nateeje pe pahunchte hain....
Asal mein behr aawaz hai harfo (shabdo) ki ... jaise aap magar padhte hain...to ismein gaur kariye ke aap m-gar padhte hain, ma pe zor kum hai aur gar pe zyada...ab iska matlab ye hua ke aap jo sher padh rahe hain unmein har line ki aawaz ek hi lay mein nikle..... agar aisa na hoga to sher ki sundarta nahi dikh payegi....
Aaj kal log behr ko naapne ke liye ek tareeka istemaal karte hain, unhone lafzo ki aawaz ko do tarah se baanta hai....jo halke aawaz karta hai usko wo 1 kahte hain jo zyada ya kisi ke saath bandha hota hai usko 2 kahte hain....aur isi lihaz se wo saare numbers ko dekhte hain aur ek nateeje pe pahunchte hain....
Behr
samajhne ke liye ek ghazal
Ye
Jigar Moradabadi ki ek Ghazal hai...
Aadamii aadamii se milataa hai
dil magar kam kisii se milataa hai
Bhuul jaataa huu.N mai.n sitam us ke
vo kuchh is saadagii se milataa hai
Aaj kyaa baat hai ke phuulo.n kaa
rang terii ha.Nsii se milataa hai
Mil ke bhii jo kabhii nahii.n milataa
TuuT kar dil usii se milataa hai
Kaar-o-baar-e-jahaa.N sa.Nvarate hai.n
hosh jab beKhudii se milataa hai
..........................................................
misra dekhein(pahla sher)::
aadmi aadmi se miltaa hai,
dil magar kum kisi se milta hai
Ab is sher ke harfo ko gaur se samajhiye ... aur tukdo mein padhne ki koshish karein...
aadmi mein hum aa aur mi pe zyada zor daala jata hai aur beech mein da dab sa jata hai to iska waqn hoga aa ke liye 2, d ke liye 1 aur mi ke liye 2, to iska wazn hua 212...
aise hi poora sher dekhein....
aa(2)d(1)mi(2) aa(2)d(1)mi(2) se(1) mil(2) ta(2) hai(2)
dil(2) m(1) gar(2) kum(2) ki(1) si(2) se(1) mil(2)taa(2) hai(2)
Iska wazn hua 212 212 1222, dekhiye dono ka wazn ek hi hai....aise hi poori ghazal mein wazn ek payenge........gaur karne wali baat hai ke lafz dil ka wazn 2 hai, matlab di aur l alag alag padhne pe aap ajeeb sa paate hain isliye hum inhe ek hi saath aur lay main padhte hain
Note: kisi bhi ghalati ke liye muafi chahoonga, main apni jankari ke hisab se bata raha hoon jo bahut zyada nahi hai
Aadamii aadamii se milataa hai
dil magar kam kisii se milataa hai
Bhuul jaataa huu.N mai.n sitam us ke
vo kuchh is saadagii se milataa hai
Aaj kyaa baat hai ke phuulo.n kaa
rang terii ha.Nsii se milataa hai
Mil ke bhii jo kabhii nahii.n milataa
TuuT kar dil usii se milataa hai
Kaar-o-baar-e-jahaa.N sa.Nvarate hai.n
hosh jab beKhudii se milataa hai
..........................................................
misra dekhein(pahla sher)::
aadmi aadmi se miltaa hai,
dil magar kum kisi se milta hai
Ab is sher ke harfo ko gaur se samajhiye ... aur tukdo mein padhne ki koshish karein...
aadmi mein hum aa aur mi pe zyada zor daala jata hai aur beech mein da dab sa jata hai to iska waqn hoga aa ke liye 2, d ke liye 1 aur mi ke liye 2, to iska wazn hua 212...
aise hi poora sher dekhein....
aa(2)d(1)mi(2) aa(2)d(1)mi(2) se(1) mil(2) ta(2) hai(2)
dil(2) m(1) gar(2) kum(2) ki(1) si(2) se(1) mil(2)taa(2) hai(2)
Iska wazn hua 212 212 1222, dekhiye dono ka wazn ek hi hai....aise hi poori ghazal mein wazn ek payenge........gaur karne wali baat hai ke lafz dil ka wazn 2 hai, matlab di aur l alag alag padhne pe aap ajeeb sa paate hain isliye hum inhe ek hi saath aur lay main padhte hain
Note: kisi bhi ghalati ke liye muafi chahoonga, main apni jankari ke hisab se bata raha hoon jo bahut zyada nahi hai
Jigar
ki iss ghazal mein Qafiya ii hai aur Radeef se milta hai hai.
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Nazm
Kya Hai?
Nazm,
ek soch ya ek hi topic pe kahi jati hai, ek nazm mein do topic nahi ho
sakte...koi ek vichar ho sakta hai doosra nahi....kul milakar Nazm ek soch
hai....
Nazm mein Radeef,Qafiya ya Beher ki koi pabandi nahi hai, haa.n Nazm ka ek lay mein hona zaroori hai...
Faiz Ahmed Faiz ki ek Nazm hai, Dekhiye
Mere dil mere musaafir
huaa phir se hukm saadir
ke vatan badar ho.n ham tum
de.n galii galii sadaaye.N
kare.n ruKh nagar nagar kaa
ke suraaG koii paaye.N
kisii yaar-e-naamaabar kaa
har ek ajanabii se puuchhe.n
jo pataa thaa apane ghar kaa
sar-e-kuu-e-naashanaayaa.N
hame.n din se raat karanaa
kabhii is se baat karanaa
kabhii us se baat karanaa
tumhe.n kyaa kahuu.N ke kyaa hai
shab-e-Gam burii balaa hai
hame.n ye bhii thaa Ganimat
jo koii shumaar hotaa
hame.n kyaa buraa thaa maranaa
agar ek baar hotaa
- Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Is poori Nazm ko gaur se padhne par aapko maloom hota hai ke shuru se aakhir tak Nazm mein mahoul banaya gaya hai aur aakhir mein baat nikli hai yehi Nazm ki khasiyat hai....
Nazm mein Radeef,Qafiya ya Beher ki koi pabandi nahi hai, haa.n Nazm ka ek lay mein hona zaroori hai...
Faiz Ahmed Faiz ki ek Nazm hai, Dekhiye
Mere dil mere musaafir
huaa phir se hukm saadir
ke vatan badar ho.n ham tum
de.n galii galii sadaaye.N
kare.n ruKh nagar nagar kaa
ke suraaG koii paaye.N
kisii yaar-e-naamaabar kaa
har ek ajanabii se puuchhe.n
jo pataa thaa apane ghar kaa
sar-e-kuu-e-naashanaayaa.N
hame.n din se raat karanaa
kabhii is se baat karanaa
kabhii us se baat karanaa
tumhe.n kyaa kahuu.N ke kyaa hai
shab-e-Gam burii balaa hai
hame.n ye bhii thaa Ganimat
jo koii shumaar hotaa
hame.n kyaa buraa thaa maranaa
agar ek baar hotaa
- Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Is poori Nazm ko gaur se padhne par aapko maloom hota hai ke shuru se aakhir tak Nazm mein mahoul banaya gaya hai aur aakhir mein baat nikli hai yehi Nazm ki khasiyat hai....
Beh'r
par baat karte hai jo kii har ghazal kii neev hoti hai.
Jaisa
Arghwan bhai ne kahaa basic beh'r 19 tarah kii hoti hai ye ab aap sab ko pataa
hai aur beh'r ke wazan ko 1 or 2 se denote karte hai jisse english meN long or
short syllable kehte hai..ab wazan kaise tay karte hai ye bataaNe kii koshish
kartaa huuN...
English
ke vowels sound create hai aur usse hii bantaa hai wazan aur usse kaise decide
karte hai ye niche hai
Vowels-a.e.i.o.u
1.)a,
i or u---> Agar akele hai yaa kissi consonant ke baad hai to uss kaa wazan 1
huaa.
2.)e,
o, aa, ii or uu---> Agar akele hai yaa kissi consonant ke baad hai to uss
kaa wazan 2 huaa.
3.)
a, i or u---> Agar consonant ke bich meN hai yaa consonant ke pehle hai to
uss kaa wazan 2 huaa.
4.)e,
o, aa, ii or uu---> Agar consonant ke bich meN hai yaa consonant ke pehle
hai to uss kaa wazan 1+2 huaa yaa usse alag alag 1,2 bhii le sakte hai.
Ghazal
ko likhNe ke liye basic 19 beh'r hai jiss ke baare meN pehle hii bataaya jaa
chukaa hai.
Beh'r
ke naam aur unn ke wazan
1.)
Hazaj musaddas aḳhram ashtar maḥzuf -->222 / 212 / 122
2.) Mutaqarib musamman asram -->22 / 122 // 22 / 122
3.) Rajaz musamman salim -->2212 / 2212 / 2212 / 2212
4.) Muzari musamman aḳhrab --> 221 / 2122 // 221/2122
5.) Muẓari musamman aḳhrab makfuf maḥzuf -->221 / 2121 /1221 /212
6.) Mutadarik musamman muẓaaf maqtu maḳhbun -->22 / 112 / 22 /22 /22/ 112 / 22 / 22
7.) Hazaj musamman aḳhrab -->221 / 1222// 221 / 1222
8.) Hazaj musamman aḳhrab makfuf maḥżuf -->221 / 1221 / 1221 / 122
9.) Hazaj musaddas aḳhrab maqbuẓ maḥzuf --> 221/1212/122
10.)Ramal musamman maḥzuf -->2122 / 2122 / 2122 / 212
11.)Ramal musaddas maḥzuf --> 2122 / 2122 / 212
12.)Mutadarik musamman salim -->212 212 212 212
13.)Mutadarik musamman maqtu maḥzuf -->212 / 212 / 212 / 2
14.)Khafif musaddas maḳhbun maḥzuf maqtu -->2122 /1212 / 22
15.)Khafif musaddas maḳhbun maḥzuf -->2122/ 1212/112
16.)Ramal musaddas maḳhbn maḥzuf maqtu -->2122 / 1122 / 22 or 1122 1122 22
17.)Ramal musaddas maḳhbun maḥzuf -->2122 1122 112 or 1122 1122 112
18.)Ramal musamman maḳhbun maḥzuf maqtu -->2122 / 1122 / 1122 / 22
19.)Ramal musamman maḳhbun maḥzuf -->2122 / 1122 / 1122 / 112
2.) Mutaqarib musamman asram -->22 / 122 // 22 / 122
3.) Rajaz musamman salim -->2212 / 2212 / 2212 / 2212
4.) Muzari musamman aḳhrab --> 221 / 2122 // 221/2122
5.) Muẓari musamman aḳhrab makfuf maḥzuf -->221 / 2121 /1221 /212
6.) Mutadarik musamman muẓaaf maqtu maḳhbun -->22 / 112 / 22 /22 /22/ 112 / 22 / 22
7.) Hazaj musamman aḳhrab -->221 / 1222// 221 / 1222
8.) Hazaj musamman aḳhrab makfuf maḥżuf -->221 / 1221 / 1221 / 122
9.) Hazaj musaddas aḳhrab maqbuẓ maḥzuf --> 221/1212/122
10.)Ramal musamman maḥzuf -->2122 / 2122 / 2122 / 212
11.)Ramal musaddas maḥzuf --> 2122 / 2122 / 212
12.)Mutadarik musamman salim -->212 212 212 212
13.)Mutadarik musamman maqtu maḥzuf -->212 / 212 / 212 / 2
14.)Khafif musaddas maḳhbun maḥzuf maqtu -->2122 /1212 / 22
15.)Khafif musaddas maḳhbun maḥzuf -->2122/ 1212/112
16.)Ramal musaddas maḳhbn maḥzuf maqtu -->2122 / 1122 / 22 or 1122 1122 22
17.)Ramal musaddas maḳhbun maḥzuf -->2122 1122 112 or 1122 1122 112
18.)Ramal musamman maḳhbun maḥzuf maqtu -->2122 / 1122 / 1122 / 22
19.)Ramal musamman maḳhbun maḥzuf -->2122 / 1122 / 1122 / 112
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